Pengaruh Kombinasi Mulsa-Pupuk Terhadap Erosi Tanah pada Lahan Kentang dengan Aplikasi Bio-Arang dan Guludan Horizontal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkptb.2020.008.02.09Keywords:
Budidaya kentang, erosi tanah, guludan horizontal, kehilangan nutrisi tanah, kombinasi mulsa-pupukAbstract
Guludan horizontal (searah kontur) telah terbukti sangat efektif menurunkan laju erosi tanah pada lahan kentang, namun efektifitasnya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tanah maupun produktivitas tanaman yang optimal perlu dikaji lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kombinasi mulsa dan pupuk terhadap erosi dan kehilangan nutrisi tanah pada lahan kentang dengan aplikasi bio-arang dan guludan horizontal. Sebanyak 6 demplot kentang (6 m x 3 m) dengan aplikasi bio-arang (5 ton/ha) dan guludan horizontal (5 lajur) disiapkan masing-masing untuk perlakuan mulsa plastik-pupuk organik (MPO), mulsa jerami-pupuk organik (MJO), tanpa mulsa-pupuk organik (TMO/kontrol), mulsa plastik-pupuk anorganik (MPK), mulsa jerami-pupuk anorganik (MJK), dan tanpa mulsa-pupuk anorganik (TMK/kontrol). Laju aliran permukaan (runoff) dan kehilangan tanah (soil loss) pada setiap demplot diukur pada setiap kejadian hujan dengan menggunakan kolektor sedimen, serta kadar N-total dan P-total-nya dianalisis di laboratorium masing-masing dengan menggunakan metode Kjeldahl dan Kolorimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MPK mampu menahan laju runoff dan soil loss lebih baik daripada yang lain atau masing-masing 11.9-18.1% dan 41.8-48.1% lebih efektif dibanding kontrol. Lebih jauh, MPK dapat menekan kehilangan N-total dan P-total lebih signifikan daripada yang lain atau masing-masing 30.1-38.9% dan 31.9-44.8% lebih baik dibanding kontrol. Dengan demikian, MPK dipandang sebagai kombinasi yang sesuai untuk budidaya kentang dengan aplikasi bio-arang dan guludan horizontal.
References
Adiyoga, W, Fuglie KO, dan Suherman R. 2006. Integrasi pasar kentang di Indonesia: Analisis korelasi dan kointegrasi. Informatika Pertanian vol. 5, pp. 835-852
Auerswald, K, Gerl, G, and Kainz, M. 2006. Influence of cropping system on harvest erosion under potato. Soil and Tillage Research vol. 89, pp. 22-34
Fatmi, A. 2011. Pemanfaatan Limbah Penebangan Menjadi Arang untuk Media Tanam (Studi Kasus di PT.Austral Byna, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah). Skripsi. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB. Bogor
Gangcai, L, Zhang, J, Tian, G, and Wei, C. 2005. The effects of land uses on purplish soil erosion in hilly area of Sichuan Province, China. J. Mountain Sci. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 68-75
Gundale, MJ and Deluca, TH. 2007. Charcoal effect on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria machanta in the pedrosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem. Virology and Fertility of Soils vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 303-311
Hillel, D. 1998. Environmental Soil Physics. Academic Press, San Diego, USA
Johnson, GA, Davis, JG, Qian, YL, Doesken, KC, 2006. Topdressing turf with composted manure improves soil quality and protects water quality. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. vol.70, no. 6, pp. 2114–2121
Kartasapoetra, G, Kartasapoetra AG, dan Sutedjo MM. 1987. Teknologi Konservasi Tanah dan Air. PT. Bina Aksara, Jakarta
Khan, AR, Chandra, D, Quraishi, S, Sinha, RK. 2000. Soil aeration under different soil surface conditions. J. Agron. Crop Sci. vol. 185, pp. 105-112
Oguntunde, PG, Fosu, M, Ajayi, AE, and de-Geisen, NV. 2004. Effect of charcoal production on maize yield, chemical properties and texture of soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 295-299
Smets, T and Poesen, J. 2007. Effects of mulch cover on soil erosion by water at different spatial scales: A review. Geophysical Research Abstracts vol. 9, no. 01992
Smith, RJ and Black, P. 2002. Utilization of Composted Mulch for Erosion Control in Hillside Vineyards. Scientific Paper for Sonoma County Grape Day, February 2, 2002
Soesanto, L, Mugiastuti, E, and Rahayunita, RF. 2011. Inventarisasi dan Identitifikasi Patogen Tular-tanah pada Pertanaman Kentang di Kabupaten Purbalingga. J. Hort. vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 254-264
Soleh, M, Arifin, Z, Pratomo, G, Santoso, P, dan Nitiawirawan, IG. 2002. Sistem Usahatani Tanaman Sayuran untuk Konservasi di Lahan Kering Dataran Tinggi Berlereng. BPPT Jawa Timur, pp. 1-13
Steiner, C, Gracia, M, and Zech, W. 2009. Effect of charcoal as slow release nutrient carrier on N-P-K dynamics and soil microbial population: pot experiment with ferralsol substrate. Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek’s Vission, pp. 325-338
Tanjung, HDA. 2014. Karakteristik Erosi Pada Lahan Kentang Guludan Horizontal Dengan Variasi Jenis Pupuk dan Dosis Arang di Desa Serang Kecamatan Karangreja Kabupaten Purbalingga. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian UNSOED. Purwokerto
Tini, EW and Wijaya, K. 2010. Composition of organic fertilizer and optimum compactness to increase growth and yield of potato at highland of Serang. Jurnal Inovasi vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 101-112.
Umedi, Wijaya, K, and Masrukhi. 2010. Kajian Erosi Tanah pada Lahan Kentang dengan Variasi Tipe Guludan, Kemiringan Lahan, dan Varietas Tanaman. Prosiding Seminar Nasional PERTETA 2010 "Revitalisasi Mekanisasi Pertanian dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan dan Energi". Purwokerto, 10 Juli 2010, pp. 650-660
Utami, F. 2012. Pengaruh Arah Guludan Lahan Terhadap Kadar Air Tanah dan Biomassa Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberasum L.). Skripsi. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor (in Indonesian).
Wijaya, K dan Poppy A. 2012. Kajian Sifat Fisik Tanah, Erosi, dan Produktivitas Kentang pada Beberapa Tipe Guludan dan Penutupan Mulsa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional PERTETA 2012, Malang-Jawa Timur, 30 Nopember – 2 Desember 2012
Wijaya, K, Kuncoro, PH, and Arsil, P. 2019a. Dynamics of soil physical and chemical properties within horizontal ridgesorganic fertilizer applied potato land. 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. vol. 255 no. 012024 (doi:10.1088/1755-1315/255/1/012024), pp. 1-8
Wijaya, K, Kuncoro, PH, Ardiansyah, Arsil, P, and Aryani, H. 2019b. Spatial distribution of soil water content in potato horizontal-ridge profile under various ridge dimensions. 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. vol. 406 no. 012025 (doi:10.1088/1755-1315/ 406/1/012025), pp. 1-9
Wijaya, K, Setiawan, BI, and Kato, T. 2010. Spatio-temporal variability of soil physical properties in different potato ridges designs in relation to soil erosion and crop production. Proceeding of 2010 INWEPF-PAWEES Intl. Joint Symposium, Jeju-South Korea, 27-29 October 2010
Yuwono, NW dan Rosmarkam, A. 2002. Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Zhou, LM, Li FM, Jin, SL and Song Y. 2009. How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect soil water, soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Field Crops Research vol. 113, pp. 41–47
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
