OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI ULTRASONIK DAUN KECUBUNG SEBAGAI AGEN ANTI BAKTERI JERAWAT PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES (KAJIAN: RASIO PELARUT TERHADAP BAHAN DAN LAMA WAKTU SONIKASI)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkptb.2019.007.02.4Keywords:
Ekstraksi, Kecubung, Jerawat, dan Propionibacterium acnesAbstract
Kecubung (Datura metel L.) memiliki  senyawa fitokimia seperti alkaloid, tannin, saponin, fenolik, dan sebagainya. Senyawa ini memiliki manfaat farmakologis diantaranya sebagai anti mikroba, anti fungi, anti inflamasi, anti oksidan, analgesik, anastesi, dan sebagainya. Berdasar hal tersebut, kecubung diduga dapat dijadikan agen antibakteri jerawat, salah satunya Propionibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini berfokus pada optimasi ekstraksi daun kecubung menggunakan metode respon permukaan (RSM). Optimasi ekstraksi mempelajari rasio pelarut terhadap bahan (v/b) (X1) dan lama sonikasi (menit) (X2). Respon yang diamati yaitu rendemen ekstrak kental (%) (Y1) dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kecubung terhadap Propionibacterium acnes (mm) (Y2). Batas atas percobaan faktor X1 yaitu 15:1 dan batas bawah 5:1. Batas atas X2 yaitu 15 menit dan batas bawah 5 menit. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa faktor rasio pelarut terhadap bahan dan lama sonikasi berpengaruh terhadap rendemen (P 0,001). Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan zona hambat sebesar 7-12 mm yang mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak kental daun kecubung memiliki kemampuan antibakteri. Selanjutnya, optimasi rasio pelarut terhadap bahan 15:1 dan lama sonikasi 15 menit menghasilkan prediksi respon rendemen 8,155%. Pada tahap verifikasi didapat rendemen sebesar 8,262% dengan selisih 1,31% dibanding prediksi model.References
Adawiyah, R. 2017. Uji Identifikasi Farmakognostik Tumbuhan Kemiri Sunan (Aleurites Trisperma) di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya. Anterior Journal. 17(1):60-68.
Aduloju E.I, Y. and Ogunlade. 2015. Nutritive properties and phytochemical analysis of Thorn Apple “Gegemu†(Datura metel). Journal of Natural Sciences Research. 5(13): 71-78.
Akharaiyi, F. C. 2011. Antibacterial, Phytochemical and Antioxidant activities of Datura metel. Pharm Tech. 3(1):478-483.
Albari, T.H.A., Al-Musalami A.H.S., Hossain M.A., Weli A.M., and Al-Riyami Q. 2014. Comparative study of phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of fresh and dry leaves crude plant extracts of Datura metel L. Journal of King Saud University Science. 26(1): 237-243.
Ambarwati. 2007. Efektivitas Zat Antibakteri Biji Mimba (Azadirachta indica) untuk menghambat Pertumbuhan Salmonella thyposa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas. 8(3).
Anihouvi, V.B., Saalia F., Dawson S. E., Ayernor G. S., and Hounhoigan J. D. 2011. Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Fermentation Conditions During the Processing of Cassava Fish (Pseudotolithus sp) into Lanhouin. International Journal of Engineering Science and Tchenology 3(9) : 7085-7095.
Anonim. 2002. Kamus Istilah Pangan dan Nutrisi. Kanisus. Yogyakarta.
Babiker, F., Jamal P., Mirghani, and Ansari. 2017. Characterization, purification and identification of some Alkaloids in Datura stramonium. International Food Research Journal. 24(1):540-543.
Blitz, J., and Geoff S. 1996. Ultrasonic Methods of Non-destructive Testing. Chapman and Hall. London.
Brannan, 2007. Mikrobiologi dasar. Binarupa Aksara. Jakarta.
Britto, J. D. and Herin S. G. 2011. Datura metel Linn. - A Plant With Potential As Antibacterial Agent. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology. 2(2): 1-5.
Dalimartha, S. 2005. Tanaman Obat di Lingkungan Sekitar. Puspa Swara. Jakarta.
Dermawan, A. M., Liza P., and Indri K. 2015. Efektivitas Krim Antijerawat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.). Traditional Medicine Journal. 20(3):127-133.
Demaggio, A. E., and Lott, J. A. 1964. Application of Ultrasound for Increasing Alkaloid Yield from Datura Stramonium. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 53(8), 945–949.
Edwin, T.T., Sekar. T., Sankar P., and Sekh M. 2005. Botany Higher Secondary Second Year. Tamil Nadu. Chennai.
Handayani, H., Feronika H.S., and Yunianta. Ekstraksi Antioksidan Daun Sirsak Metode Ultrasonic Bath (Kajian Rasio Bahan : Pelarut dan Lama Ekstraksi). Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri. 4(1):262-272.
Humphrey, S. 2012. Antibiotic Resistance in Acne Treatment. Skin Therapy Letter. 17(9):1-3.
Ismanto. 2017. Wisata Paralayang Gunug Banyak Menakjubkan. http://www.tribunnews.com. Diakses 1 Desember 2018. Jakarta.
Iwu, M. M. 2014. Handbook of African Medical Plants. Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton.
Keri, J.E. 2017. Acne Vulgaris. http://www.merckmanuals.com. Diakses 10 Oktober 2017. Kenilworth.
Khuri, A.I. Dan Siuli M. 2010. Response Surface Methodology. John Wiley & Sons. 2(1):182-149.
Knobler, S. L., Siobhan O., Stanley M., and Marjan N. 2004. The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary. National Academy of Science. Washington.
Kuganathan, N. dan Sashikesh G. 2011. Chemical Analysis of Datura metel Leaves and Investigation of the Acute Toxicity on Grasshoppers and Red Ants. E-Journal of Chemistry. 8(1): 107-112.
Lestari, Y., Puji A., Nurlina. 2016. Aktivitas Antibakteri Gram Positif dan Negatif dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Asal Pesisir Sungai Kakap Kalimantan Barat. JKK. 5(4):1-8.
Maradona, D. 2013. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Durian (Durio zibethinus L), Daun Lengkeng (Dimocarpus longan Lour), dan Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococus aureus ATTCC25925 dan Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. Jakarta.
Martinez, J.L. 2007. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Nutraceutical and Boiactive Compound. Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton.
Marselia, S., M. Agus W., and Savante A. 2015. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Soma (Ploiarium Alternifolium Melch) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. JKK. 4(4):72-82.
Najoan, J.J., Max J.R., and Defny S.W. 2016. Uji Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tiga (Allophylus cobbe L.). Pharmacon. 5 (1): 266-274.
Nuria, M.C., A. Faizatun., and Sumantri. 2009. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, dan Salmonella typhi ATCC 1408. Mediagro. 5(2): 26-37.
Nurmiah, S., Rizal S., Sukarno, Rosmawaty P., and Budi N. 2013. Aplikasi Response Surface Methodology pada Optimalisasi Kondisi Proses Pengolahan Alkali Treated Cottonii (ATC). JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan. 8(1):9-22.
Nuryanti and Djati H. S. 2008. Metode Permukaan Respon dan Aplikasinya pada Optimasi Eksperimen Kimia. Risalah Lokakarya Komputasi dalam Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir. 373-391.
Pardede, T. R., and Muftri, S. (2013). Penetapan Kadar Kalium, Natrium dan Magnesium pada Semangka (Citrullus vulgaris, Schard) Daging Buah Berwarna Kuning dan Merah secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Rahmi, A., Tri C., Toni S., dan Rahayu I. L. 2015. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Penyebab Jerawat. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. 9(1):141-161.
Raissi, S., and Farzani, R.E. 2009. Statistical Process Optimization through Multi Response Surface Methodology. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 1(2): 267-271.
Reyes, Q., Aguilar M., Ram´ırez O., and Ronquillo D.J. 2013. Comparative Study Of Ultrasound and Maceration Techniques for the Extraction of Polyphenols from Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao L.). Revista Mexicana de IngenierÃa QuÃmica. 12(1): 11-18.
Riferty, F., Endah R.E.S., and Undang A.D. 2018. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Biji Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa. 1(2): 119-125.
Rubiyanto, D. 2017. Metode Kromatografi: Prinsip Dasar Praktikum, dan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kromatografi. Deepublish. Yogyakarta.
Saifudin, A. 2014. Senyawa Alam Metabolit Skunder: Teori, Konsep, dan Teknik Pemurnian. Deepublish. Yogyakarta.
Soni, U, Ema B., and Vinod K.G. 2017. Effect of Seasonal Variation on Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 6(9):54-62.
Suryanto, R and Djoni S. 2013. Struktur Data Datawarehouse Tanaman Obat Indonesia dan Hasil Penelitian Obat Tradisional. Seminar Nasional Sistem Informasi Indonesia (SESINDO). 1(1):435-440.
Susanti, A.D., Dwi A., Gita G.P., and Yosephin B.G. 2012. Polaritas Pelarut Sebagai Pertimbangan dalam Pemilihan Pelarut Untuk Ekstraksi Minyak Bekatul Dari Bekatul Varietas Ketan (Oriza Sativa Glatinosa). Simposium Nasional RAPI XI FT UM. 1(1).
Tandon, C., Priti M., and Manodeep S. 2014. Anti Bacterial Compound in Different Species of Datura: A Review. Academic Journal. 8(21):2090-208.
Vilkhu, K., Raymond M., Lloyd S., and Darren B. Applications and Opportunities for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction in the Food Industry-A Review. Elsevier. Vol. 9 (2): 191-169.
Visht, S., and Swati C. 2012. Isolation of Natural Product: Review Article. Current Pharma Resesarch. 2(3):584-599.
Widyawati, P. S., Tarsisius D. W. B., Fenny A. K., and Evelyn L. W. 2014. Difference of Solvent Polarity To Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Pluchea indicia Less Leaves Extracts. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 6(4):850-855.
Wu, S., C. Ford, and G. Horn. 2009. Patent application number: 20090246343: Stable Natural Color Process, Products and Use Thereof. London.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
