EKSTRAKSI POLIFENOL DAN FLAVONOID DARI TANAMAN SARANG SEMUT (MYRMECODIA PENDANS) DENGAN PRETREATMENT OHMIC HEATING
Keywords:
Ekstraksi, Flavonoid, Ohmic Heating, Polifenol, Sarang SemutAbstract
Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) merupakan tanaman obat terkenal di Papua yang berpotensi mengobati beragam penyakit. Untuk mendapatkan zat fenolik pada tanaman Sarang Semut, maka harus dilakukan ekstraksi agar mendapatkan hasil yang murni. Proses ekstraksi senyawa fenolik dapat dimodifikasi dengan metode yang saat ini mulai berkembang yakni teknologi Ohmic Heating yang memanfaatkan nilai hambatan pada bahan untuk menghasilkan panas internal. Teknologi ini memiliki kelebihan diantaranya meminimalisir penggunaan pelarut dan panas yang dihasilkan dapat merata pada bahan, proses yang cepat sehingga meminimalisir kerusakan pigmen dan vitamin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui total kandungan senyawa aktif pada kandungan polifenol dan flavonoid serta rendemen yang dihasilkan dari ekstrak. Sarang Semut dengan metode Ohmic Heating. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi dari tanaman Sarang Semut yang merupakan tanaman endemik Papua dengan menggunakan metode Ohmic Heating. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi tegangan yang terdiri dari 3 level (220 V, 275 V, dan 330 V) dan variasi waktu ekstrak yang terdiri dari 3 level (90 detik, 180 detik, dan 270 detik). Ekstrak yang dihasilkan akan diuji total flavonoid dan total fenol dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer. Semakin besar tegangan yang digunakan dalam proses pretreatment ekstraksi dengan menggunakan ohmic heating, maka waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai suhu setting point semakin singkat. Waktu tersingkat terdapat pada perlakuan tegangan 330V dengan waktu 17 detik dan menghasilkan arus terbesar dengan rata-rata yakni 4,17A. Hasil ekstraksi menggunakan ohmic heating didapatkan kadar polifenol dan rendemen tertinggi pada tegangan 330V dengan holding time 180 detik
sebesar 437,052 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan 69,08%. Sedangkan nilai total flavonoid terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan tegangan 330V dengan holding time 270 detik sebesar 119,529 mgQE/g esktrak.
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